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.Having several windowsopen at one time is also a convenient way to learn new commands because you can havethe manual page displayed in one window while you try out the program in another win-dow.You can also use multiple terminal windows to copy and paste information betweenprograms.This section introduces you to several terminal programs you might want to use withX11: cmdtool, rxvt, xterm, kvt, and kterm.Table 7.3 lists these various terminals.TABLE 7.3 X11 TERMINAL CLIENTS INCLUDED WITH OPENLINUXName Descriptionansi-xterm Symbolic link to xterm-colorcmdtool Terminal window emulator included with Sun s OpenWindowscolor-xterm Symbolic link to xterm-colorkterm Multilingual terminal emulatorkvt Menu-enabled X11 terminal included with KDErxvt Memory efficent, color-capable terminalxterm Standard X11 terminal included with XFree86xterm-color Shell script to run xterm as a color terminal (using the xterm-16color entryin the /etc/termcap database)Changing the xterm Terminal SettingsThe xterm client is a color-capable terminal emulator.When started, it displays an openwindow with a command line.You can run programs, do word processing, or performnearly any function you normally do when you aren t running X11.Like most X11 ter-minal emulators, xterm features a resizeable window.Depending on the window man-ager you use, buttons on the window s title bar enable you to move, size, minimize, ormaximize the window and might enable you to close or kill the window and any runningprograms started from the window.If you minimize an xterm window, an icon mightappear on the desktop or be placed in an icon dock or taskbar, depending on the windowmanager.If you start xterm from another terminal, you can choose how and where to ini-NEW TERMtially display the new window through the use of command-line options calledX11 Toolkit options.These are discussed in the section  Learning X11 Basic Operationslater in this hour.One feature xterm shares with the kvt terminal emulators is the capa-bility to change fonts on-the-fly. 10 526-2 CH07 8/26/99 10:42 AM Page 159Using the X Window System 159For example, if you want your terminal to use a larger or smaller font, all you have to dois move the cursor inside the terminal window, hold down the Ctrl key, and press theright mouse button.A menu called VT Fonts with a list of sizes pops up from which youcan select larger or smaller sizes.One really great feature of xterm s VT Fonts menu is the Selection option.Here s how it works: First, run the xterm client, and then start the xfontselclient from the command line.The xfontsel client displays different fonts inmany variations, and you can see the effects of different point sizes or ori-entation on a selected font.After you find an extremely readable font foryour display, click the Select button at the top of the xfontsel window.Then, move your mouse cursor to the xterm window, hold down the Ctrlkey, press the right mouse button, and select the VT Fonts menu itemSelection.Voilà! Your xterm window now uses the font you selected withthe xfontsel client.This is handy for finding the best typeface to use foryour terminal.Although nearly all terminals support scrolling, not all terminal emulators have nicelydrawn scroll bars.You can control whether scrolling is enabled and scroll bars are visibleby holding down the Ctrl key and pressing the middle mouse button (for two-buttonmouse users, make sure you enable three-button emulation and depress both mousebuttons).If you don t need all these features or need more memory to run programs, you mightwant to use the rxvt terminal emulator, discussed next.Using the Memory-Efficient rxvt TerminalThe rxvt client, or terminal emulator, is a color-capable X11 console window withfewer, but possibly more useful, features than the xterm client, including the following:Smaller size, so this client uses less memory or swap spaceColor-capable terminal emulatorSupports limited X Toolkit command-line optionsDoes not have Tektronix 4014 emulation, which is not really needed for standaloneLinux X11 workstations7rxvt supports at least one of the same command-line options as xterm the -e optionto run programs in a standalone X window.The -e option is useful if you want to run 10 526-2 CH07 8/26/99 10:42 AM Page 160160 Hour 7programs under X that are normally run from a nongraphical environment (the console),for example:# rxvt -e pico &This command line runs the pico editor (part of the pine mail program) in a standalonewindow.You can create, open, edit, and save files, but when you quit the pico editor, thewindow disappears.This is a great way to run interactive console programs under X.The rxvt client also supports a number of X Toolkit options, as you ll see in the nextsection.By using these options, you can start your rxvt terminal at any location of yourdesktop, with any available font, and with a selection of foreground and backgroundcolors [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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