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.Listening to Eddie s description of the flight, Major Lufberyasked him if he was certain there were no other planes in thesky.Eddie confirmed his initial report of not a one. Shakinghis head, Lufbery told Eddie that a formation of five Spadscrossed beneath them before they passed the German lines.About fifteen minutes later, they passed another five Spads.And four German Albatroses were straight ahead of themwhen they turned to come back. You must learn to lookaround, he told Eddie.Lufbery paused and grinned at Eddie.He then walkedover to Eddie s plane.Reaching out to the tail, he poked hisfinger through a bullet hole.He also pointed out a spot whereshrapnel had penetrated both wings, just a foot away fromthe cockpit.It was a humbling moment for Eddie, but alsoa lesson in awareness for an amateur pilot.The Nieuport 28Fighter Planeuring World War I, Eddie flew a Nieuport 28 fighter plane.This aircraft wasDthe first fighter plane flown in combat by pilots of the American ExpeditionaryForces.At the time, the Nieuport was considered obsolete, inferior to theNieuport 17 Superbébé, but American pilots obtained more victories with theaircraft than they did losses.The Nieuport 28 was more maneuverable than someof the heavier fighter planes, such as the SPAD XIII, but it was more fragile, andin a dive would shed fabric from the upper wing. To the Skies 61Eddie continued tutoring sessions with Lufbery.Hepracticed the corkscrew move over and over, until he finallycould perform it without getting sick.All the while, membersof the 94th complained about the amount of time it wastaking for them to get their guns.Eddie later wrote, We wereactually luckier than we realized.We were accumulatingexperience that would enable us to save our own skins and toshoot down our foes. When the German spring offensive of 1918 began, the 94thmoved to a safer location at Épiez, France.There, the squadronreceived their equipment, guns, ammunition, instruments, andflying clothing.Shortly after they received their supplies, theymoved up to Toul, only 18 miles from the lines.Now that theywere armed, Eddie thought for sure they would be the firstAmerican squadron to go into combat against the enemy.Inhonor of this event, the squadron created a special insignia.Allof the pilots contributed their suggestions.The flight surgeon,Lieutenant Walters, reminded the men of the old Americancustom of throwing a hat into a ring as an invitation to battle. Consequently, the Hat-in-the-Ring was born, becoming one ofthe world s most famous military insignias.On the morning of April 14, 1918, Eddie took off with twoother military aviators for a patrol of the lines near Toul withthe Hat-in-the-Ring insignia emblazoned on his Nieuportplane.According to Eddie, this patrol was the first missionever ordered by an American commander of an Americansquadron of American pilots.During Eddie s first few flightshe learned numerous lessons about combat flight.On oneflight, Eddie sighted an enemy plane over Saint-Mihiel.Eddiecame on the enemy plane apparently unnoticed, despite theshell bursts that followed his path across the sky, courtesy ofArchie.Several moments before he attacked, Eddie remem-bered the words of Major Lufbery look out for a trap.Sureenough, coming in on top of him was a German Albatros.Eddie knew his little Nieuport could outclimb the heavy 62 EDDIE RICKENBACKERBefore becoming a flying ace, Eddie had a lot to learn about the hidden dangersof aerial combat.These two U.S.Air Force planes collide in midair during abattle, after the first plane was shot down and fell into the second plane.Oneof the pilots was able to parachute to safety (above right).German fighter, and he managed to get away.He came backdown on the enemy s tail when he remembered Lufbery sadvice again.This time, Eddie saw two more planes coming athim.Eddie tried every maneuver he knew, but the planes stuckwith him.Then, just ahead of him, Eddie saw a beautiful cloud.He flew directly into it, hiding himself.When he poked hisnose out the other side, there was no sign of the planes.Hereturned to the field.After he landed, Doug Campbell and Charley Chapman,two of Eddie s flying buddies, wondered why he was trying To the Skies 63to run away from them.It turns out the pursuing enemy was actually Eddie s teammates.Eddie was disappointed byhis inability to identify them in the air.It cost him his firstair victory.One day, Eddie and Captain Jimmy Hall lifted off in searchof an enemy two-seater plane that had been reported flyingsouth of the lines.They located the plane and got into position.Eddie prepared himself for his first combat experience.He felthis heard pounding in his chest and an image of a Liberty Bondposter popped into his head.The poster was of a beautiful girlwith outstretched arms.Printed on the poster were the words, Fight or Buy Bonds. Eddie decided he did not have much ofa choice.Eddie and Hall dived in on the Pfalz plane.Eddie pulled histriggers and hit the tail.He watched two streaks of fire movefrom the fuselage into the pilot s seat.Shortly after, the planeswerved, curved down, and crashed.Eddie earned his firstvictory and celebrated with his squadron back on the ground.It was during this time that Eddie officially changed thespelling of his name to Rickenbacker, exchanging the German h for an all-American k. Papers all over the United Statesreported that Eddie Rickenbacker has taken the Hun out of hisname. (Hun was a disparaging name for a German soldier.)On one mission, south of Metz on the Moselle, Eddie spot-ted four Fokker D-7s.He climbed into the sunlight above theplanes and let them pass beneath him.He then dived at them.At 50 yards, Eddie fired on the last plane and downed it.Helater recalled, The pilot never knew what hit him. The other three planes turned to the right.As Eddiewatched the sunlight bounce off their red noses, a chill slowlyclimbed up his spine.Those blood-red noses meant Eddie wasup against the dreaded Flying Circus of Manfred vonRichthofen, the Red Baron.Although the Red Baron himselfwas no longer alive, this famous squadron remained theepitome of flying excellence. 64 EDDIE RICKENBACKERManfred von RichthofenThe Red Baron andthe Flying Circusanfred von Richthofen was born on May 2, 1892, in Schweidnitz.At age 11,MManfred attended the Wahlstatt Cadet School in Berlin, eager to be in theGerman military.As it turned out, Manfred disliked the rigid schedule, and hereceived poor grades.But he graduated into the Senior Cadet Academy, which heliked better.He went on to join the cavalry.When World War I began in 1914, Manfred was 22 years old.At the beginningof the war, Manfred fought in the trenches.He would look up at the sky andadmire the planes.What he really wanted was to fly.In 1915, Manfred beganflying fighter planes for the German army.He quickly increased his abilities andskills and was on his way to becoming a flying ace.In April 1917, Bloody April, Manfred shot down 21 enemy aircraft [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.Listening to Eddie s description of the flight, Major Lufberyasked him if he was certain there were no other planes in thesky.Eddie confirmed his initial report of not a one. Shakinghis head, Lufbery told Eddie that a formation of five Spadscrossed beneath them before they passed the German lines.About fifteen minutes later, they passed another five Spads.And four German Albatroses were straight ahead of themwhen they turned to come back. You must learn to lookaround, he told Eddie.Lufbery paused and grinned at Eddie.He then walkedover to Eddie s plane.Reaching out to the tail, he poked hisfinger through a bullet hole.He also pointed out a spot whereshrapnel had penetrated both wings, just a foot away fromthe cockpit.It was a humbling moment for Eddie, but alsoa lesson in awareness for an amateur pilot.The Nieuport 28Fighter Planeuring World War I, Eddie flew a Nieuport 28 fighter plane.This aircraft wasDthe first fighter plane flown in combat by pilots of the American ExpeditionaryForces.At the time, the Nieuport was considered obsolete, inferior to theNieuport 17 Superbébé, but American pilots obtained more victories with theaircraft than they did losses.The Nieuport 28 was more maneuverable than someof the heavier fighter planes, such as the SPAD XIII, but it was more fragile, andin a dive would shed fabric from the upper wing. To the Skies 61Eddie continued tutoring sessions with Lufbery.Hepracticed the corkscrew move over and over, until he finallycould perform it without getting sick.All the while, membersof the 94th complained about the amount of time it wastaking for them to get their guns.Eddie later wrote, We wereactually luckier than we realized.We were accumulatingexperience that would enable us to save our own skins and toshoot down our foes. When the German spring offensive of 1918 began, the 94thmoved to a safer location at Épiez, France.There, the squadronreceived their equipment, guns, ammunition, instruments, andflying clothing.Shortly after they received their supplies, theymoved up to Toul, only 18 miles from the lines.Now that theywere armed, Eddie thought for sure they would be the firstAmerican squadron to go into combat against the enemy.Inhonor of this event, the squadron created a special insignia.Allof the pilots contributed their suggestions.The flight surgeon,Lieutenant Walters, reminded the men of the old Americancustom of throwing a hat into a ring as an invitation to battle. Consequently, the Hat-in-the-Ring was born, becoming one ofthe world s most famous military insignias.On the morning of April 14, 1918, Eddie took off with twoother military aviators for a patrol of the lines near Toul withthe Hat-in-the-Ring insignia emblazoned on his Nieuportplane.According to Eddie, this patrol was the first missionever ordered by an American commander of an Americansquadron of American pilots.During Eddie s first few flightshe learned numerous lessons about combat flight.On oneflight, Eddie sighted an enemy plane over Saint-Mihiel.Eddiecame on the enemy plane apparently unnoticed, despite theshell bursts that followed his path across the sky, courtesy ofArchie.Several moments before he attacked, Eddie remem-bered the words of Major Lufbery look out for a trap.Sureenough, coming in on top of him was a German Albatros.Eddie knew his little Nieuport could outclimb the heavy 62 EDDIE RICKENBACKERBefore becoming a flying ace, Eddie had a lot to learn about the hidden dangersof aerial combat.These two U.S.Air Force planes collide in midair during abattle, after the first plane was shot down and fell into the second plane.Oneof the pilots was able to parachute to safety (above right).German fighter, and he managed to get away.He came backdown on the enemy s tail when he remembered Lufbery sadvice again.This time, Eddie saw two more planes coming athim.Eddie tried every maneuver he knew, but the planes stuckwith him.Then, just ahead of him, Eddie saw a beautiful cloud.He flew directly into it, hiding himself.When he poked hisnose out the other side, there was no sign of the planes.Hereturned to the field.After he landed, Doug Campbell and Charley Chapman,two of Eddie s flying buddies, wondered why he was trying To the Skies 63to run away from them.It turns out the pursuing enemy was actually Eddie s teammates.Eddie was disappointed byhis inability to identify them in the air.It cost him his firstair victory.One day, Eddie and Captain Jimmy Hall lifted off in searchof an enemy two-seater plane that had been reported flyingsouth of the lines.They located the plane and got into position.Eddie prepared himself for his first combat experience.He felthis heard pounding in his chest and an image of a Liberty Bondposter popped into his head.The poster was of a beautiful girlwith outstretched arms.Printed on the poster were the words, Fight or Buy Bonds. Eddie decided he did not have much ofa choice.Eddie and Hall dived in on the Pfalz plane.Eddie pulled histriggers and hit the tail.He watched two streaks of fire movefrom the fuselage into the pilot s seat.Shortly after, the planeswerved, curved down, and crashed.Eddie earned his firstvictory and celebrated with his squadron back on the ground.It was during this time that Eddie officially changed thespelling of his name to Rickenbacker, exchanging the German h for an all-American k. Papers all over the United Statesreported that Eddie Rickenbacker has taken the Hun out of hisname. (Hun was a disparaging name for a German soldier.)On one mission, south of Metz on the Moselle, Eddie spot-ted four Fokker D-7s.He climbed into the sunlight above theplanes and let them pass beneath him.He then dived at them.At 50 yards, Eddie fired on the last plane and downed it.Helater recalled, The pilot never knew what hit him. The other three planes turned to the right.As Eddiewatched the sunlight bounce off their red noses, a chill slowlyclimbed up his spine.Those blood-red noses meant Eddie wasup against the dreaded Flying Circus of Manfred vonRichthofen, the Red Baron.Although the Red Baron himselfwas no longer alive, this famous squadron remained theepitome of flying excellence. 64 EDDIE RICKENBACKERManfred von RichthofenThe Red Baron andthe Flying Circusanfred von Richthofen was born on May 2, 1892, in Schweidnitz.At age 11,MManfred attended the Wahlstatt Cadet School in Berlin, eager to be in theGerman military.As it turned out, Manfred disliked the rigid schedule, and hereceived poor grades.But he graduated into the Senior Cadet Academy, which heliked better.He went on to join the cavalry.When World War I began in 1914, Manfred was 22 years old.At the beginningof the war, Manfred fought in the trenches.He would look up at the sky andadmire the planes.What he really wanted was to fly.In 1915, Manfred beganflying fighter planes for the German army.He quickly increased his abilities andskills and was on his way to becoming a flying ace.In April 1917, Bloody April, Manfred shot down 21 enemy aircraft [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]