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.It is also employed to cover the occupation ofcounter-penetration positions.Field Artillery in Defense and AttackHarassing Fire.The objective of harassing fire is to weaken enemymorale by confusing enemy troop movements, supply, or installations.Another objective is to bombard enemy supply roads and probable com-munications centers or reserve areas at irregular intervals.This fire isexecuted by long-range artillery (general support artillery); therefore, itmust be well coordinated with the activities of any long-range patrolsorganized by forward troops.The preferred level of coordination is divi-sion headquarters or higher.Counterbattery Fire.The goal of counterbattery fire is to destroy orsilence the enemy s system of weapons.To execute this, guns and ammuni-tion are allocated for counterbattery missions.A decision is made regard-ing the counterbattery policy at the highest level.The policy is either:Active.To obtain physical and psychological superiority over an enemyby engaging every hostile battery that has been located as soon as itopens fire.Passive.Comprehensive information on targets is collected regardingthe deployment and training of enemy guns without revealing to theenemy that such information has been obtained, so as not to compel anychange in the locations of enemy guns or to cause them to move.Thisensures surprise when fire is opened.The deputy counterbattery officer from the counterbattery platoon of thetarget acquisition battery is located at the brigade headquarters.His dutyis to collect information on enemy artillery, mortars, and movements.He is directly responsible for coordinating counterbattery fires accord-141 ing to the established policy.Reports on hostile artillery and mortarshelling, analysis or craters, and the identification of fragments are sentto the counterbattery staff at division.Special MissionsSmokescreens.Smokescreens are used to blind enemy observation;limit the enemy s observed artillery fire; limit the enemy s firing ofsmall, aimed arms; limit the enemy s firing of AT weapons; and blockand conceal friendly troop movement.A smokescreen is used in a sim-ple or linear concentration using smoke instead of high explosiverounds.All smoke missions must include alternate missions with highexplosives, which can be fired if the smoke is ineffective due to theunsuitability of the meteorological conditions.Illumination.The illumination shell is employed to assist in the obser-vation of the battlefield at night; troops in the effective employment oftheir weapons; and in the adjustment of artillery fire at night.Colored Smoke.Some colored smoke rounds are employed toindicate targets.Propaganda.Artillery fires shells to deliver pamphlets, photographs,and documents for propaganda purposes.Iraqi Targeting Priority (Defense)Close Support General Support Rocket LaunchersInf/tank plts Div/bde HQ Arty batteriesFIST/OPs Arty batteries Assembly areasEngineer plts Battalion HQ Chokepoints(w/mines)Mortar plts Engineer units Ammo pointsMinefields Reserves Maneuver reservesReserves Logistical sites ADAEngineersThe Iraqi army is equipped with engineer personnel and resources to sup-port offensive and defensive operations.Engineer units are organic from142 GHQ to brigade level.GHQ controls several engineer battalions (usedprimarily for road and airfield construction) and a bridging brigade.A field engineer battalion and an engineer bridging battalion are organicto the Iraqi corps.The field engineer battalion is equipped with anunknown number of IFA and ZIL trucks with barbed wire-laying equip-ment, graders, and GAZ-66 and MAZ-469 transport vehicles, as well asTMM-3 bridges and AVLB girder bridges.Exact numbers of availablevehicles cannot be determined, because they are controlled by bothcorps and GHQ.GHQ moves them around the front, based on its analy-sis of tactical requirements.The battalion s mission includes construct-ing obstacles and defensive positions, performing engineerreconnaissance, controlling the water supply, clearing enemy obstacles,building roads, and supporting bridging units in bridging operations.The engineer bridging battalion is equipped with an unknown number ofMTU-20 scissor bridge vehicles, PMP pontoon bridge vehicles, andGSP ferries.Each armored, mechanized, and infantry division has an organic fieldengineer battalion.The battalion is composed of three engineer compa-nies and a general support company.The battalion of an armored ormechanized division also has an AVLB platoon.The engineer compa-nies are frequently attached to infantry brigades on the frontlines.Thisbattalion is equipped with a number of IFA, ZIL, and GAZ trucks; theZILs are equipped with barbed wire layers and graders.The responsibil-ities of the battalion include construction of obstacles and defensivepositions and engineer reconnaissance.The unit also clears enemyobstacles, builds roads, provides bridging support, and assists the chem-ical defense unit in decontamination operations.Iraqi engineer units have a wide variety of equipment and muni-tions.Most engineer equipment is Soviet; however, some Chineseand Western equipment is in their inventories as well.The Iraqilandmine inventory is a large and diverse mix of munitions fromaround the world.143 ENGINEER SUPPORT MISSIONSOn The MarchDuring advance operations, where an advance guard is employed, engi-neers are employed well forward to facilitate movement.In the advanceparty, an engineer element will be attached to the lead reconnaissancecompany.Three engineer platoons will generally lead the advance guardmain force.The size of these engineer elements depends upon manmadeand natural obstacles reported by intelligence.In the OffenseIraqi engineers are tasked to support offensive operations with engineerreconnaissance, preparation and maintenance of routes, and obstacle clear-ance.The engineers primary mission is opening gaps in minefields or otherobstacles along the main axis of attack.Engineers use a metallic minedetector or probes to locate the mines.They use countermine equipmentsuch as plows or rollers mounted on tanks and/or explosive line charges.Iraqi doctrine requires only one lane through a minefield per infantryand tank company.Lane width is usually 8 to 12 meters [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl agnieszka90.opx.pl
.It is also employed to cover the occupation ofcounter-penetration positions.Field Artillery in Defense and AttackHarassing Fire.The objective of harassing fire is to weaken enemymorale by confusing enemy troop movements, supply, or installations.Another objective is to bombard enemy supply roads and probable com-munications centers or reserve areas at irregular intervals.This fire isexecuted by long-range artillery (general support artillery); therefore, itmust be well coordinated with the activities of any long-range patrolsorganized by forward troops.The preferred level of coordination is divi-sion headquarters or higher.Counterbattery Fire.The goal of counterbattery fire is to destroy orsilence the enemy s system of weapons.To execute this, guns and ammuni-tion are allocated for counterbattery missions.A decision is made regard-ing the counterbattery policy at the highest level.The policy is either:Active.To obtain physical and psychological superiority over an enemyby engaging every hostile battery that has been located as soon as itopens fire.Passive.Comprehensive information on targets is collected regardingthe deployment and training of enemy guns without revealing to theenemy that such information has been obtained, so as not to compel anychange in the locations of enemy guns or to cause them to move.Thisensures surprise when fire is opened.The deputy counterbattery officer from the counterbattery platoon of thetarget acquisition battery is located at the brigade headquarters.His dutyis to collect information on enemy artillery, mortars, and movements.He is directly responsible for coordinating counterbattery fires accord-141 ing to the established policy.Reports on hostile artillery and mortarshelling, analysis or craters, and the identification of fragments are sentto the counterbattery staff at division.Special MissionsSmokescreens.Smokescreens are used to blind enemy observation;limit the enemy s observed artillery fire; limit the enemy s firing ofsmall, aimed arms; limit the enemy s firing of AT weapons; and blockand conceal friendly troop movement.A smokescreen is used in a sim-ple or linear concentration using smoke instead of high explosiverounds.All smoke missions must include alternate missions with highexplosives, which can be fired if the smoke is ineffective due to theunsuitability of the meteorological conditions.Illumination.The illumination shell is employed to assist in the obser-vation of the battlefield at night; troops in the effective employment oftheir weapons; and in the adjustment of artillery fire at night.Colored Smoke.Some colored smoke rounds are employed toindicate targets.Propaganda.Artillery fires shells to deliver pamphlets, photographs,and documents for propaganda purposes.Iraqi Targeting Priority (Defense)Close Support General Support Rocket LaunchersInf/tank plts Div/bde HQ Arty batteriesFIST/OPs Arty batteries Assembly areasEngineer plts Battalion HQ Chokepoints(w/mines)Mortar plts Engineer units Ammo pointsMinefields Reserves Maneuver reservesReserves Logistical sites ADAEngineersThe Iraqi army is equipped with engineer personnel and resources to sup-port offensive and defensive operations.Engineer units are organic from142 GHQ to brigade level.GHQ controls several engineer battalions (usedprimarily for road and airfield construction) and a bridging brigade.A field engineer battalion and an engineer bridging battalion are organicto the Iraqi corps.The field engineer battalion is equipped with anunknown number of IFA and ZIL trucks with barbed wire-laying equip-ment, graders, and GAZ-66 and MAZ-469 transport vehicles, as well asTMM-3 bridges and AVLB girder bridges.Exact numbers of availablevehicles cannot be determined, because they are controlled by bothcorps and GHQ.GHQ moves them around the front, based on its analy-sis of tactical requirements.The battalion s mission includes construct-ing obstacles and defensive positions, performing engineerreconnaissance, controlling the water supply, clearing enemy obstacles,building roads, and supporting bridging units in bridging operations.The engineer bridging battalion is equipped with an unknown number ofMTU-20 scissor bridge vehicles, PMP pontoon bridge vehicles, andGSP ferries.Each armored, mechanized, and infantry division has an organic fieldengineer battalion.The battalion is composed of three engineer compa-nies and a general support company.The battalion of an armored ormechanized division also has an AVLB platoon.The engineer compa-nies are frequently attached to infantry brigades on the frontlines.Thisbattalion is equipped with a number of IFA, ZIL, and GAZ trucks; theZILs are equipped with barbed wire layers and graders.The responsibil-ities of the battalion include construction of obstacles and defensivepositions and engineer reconnaissance.The unit also clears enemyobstacles, builds roads, provides bridging support, and assists the chem-ical defense unit in decontamination operations.Iraqi engineer units have a wide variety of equipment and muni-tions.Most engineer equipment is Soviet; however, some Chineseand Western equipment is in their inventories as well.The Iraqilandmine inventory is a large and diverse mix of munitions fromaround the world.143 ENGINEER SUPPORT MISSIONSOn The MarchDuring advance operations, where an advance guard is employed, engi-neers are employed well forward to facilitate movement.In the advanceparty, an engineer element will be attached to the lead reconnaissancecompany.Three engineer platoons will generally lead the advance guardmain force.The size of these engineer elements depends upon manmadeand natural obstacles reported by intelligence.In the OffenseIraqi engineers are tasked to support offensive operations with engineerreconnaissance, preparation and maintenance of routes, and obstacle clear-ance.The engineers primary mission is opening gaps in minefields or otherobstacles along the main axis of attack.Engineers use a metallic minedetector or probes to locate the mines.They use countermine equipmentsuch as plows or rollers mounted on tanks and/or explosive line charges.Iraqi doctrine requires only one lane through a minefield per infantryand tank company.Lane width is usually 8 to 12 meters [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]