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.To lay out the limits of reform, a church council met inÖrebro in February 1529.Forty clerics under the guidance of Lau-rentius Andreæ cautiously avoided provocative decisions on sensitiveissues.They did not prohibit either Catholic or Evangelical ritual.They prescribed the reading of scripture, urged diligence in preach-ing, and explained the true meaning of some ceremonies.Other thana reference to church law in the matter of prohibited degrees and thecurtailment of saints days, the council report was anodyne.This wasas far as a committee could be persuaded to venture.120No one was satisfied.Some of the brothers from Vadstena hadgone to the meeting believing they were being mustered contralutheranos. They returned to Vadstena agitated and confused.Rad-icals in Stockholm were equally unhappy.The council in Örebro had stepped away from the gospel and gone back to the old ways, with idols, consecrated water, and the rest. Tileman, a preacher in Stock-holm, organized revival meetings in Södermalm and raised a storm.Master Oluf calmed the crowd; arrests and prohibitions followed.121This time the troubles began in Småland.In April 1529, word reachedStockholm that the bailiff and some of his men at Nydala Cloisterhad been murdered, that the king s sister, Margareta, and the royalsecretary, Wulf Gyler, had been detained on their return from abroad,and that the way over Tiveden to the northern provinces was blocked.The town master of Jönköping called upon the men of Småland torise, and contacted Öst- and Västgötaland.In rapid succession TureJönsson and the bishop of Skara joined the rising, followed by someof the great names among the nobility of the southern provinces.122The king had suspected Lord Ture and southern prelates of com-plicity in the earlier troubles in Dalarna.His suspicions were nowconfirmed, and he had no trouble identifying Lord Ture and thebishop of Skara as ringleaders.Bishop Magnus had been Hans Brask schief ally; he was no friend of church reform.Lord Ture disapproved120SRA I, 117 22; Kidd 1911, 236 39.121Holmquist 1933, 141, 194.122Kjöllerström 1963, 1 93. Reform by Decree 261of the regime s treatment of the church; he had, moreover, come outsecond best in a dispute over lands with his young kinsman.Turehad come round to Bishop Brask s view, that the struggle with thechurch involved not only church freedoms, but noble privileges.Hecomplained that when the king was crowned, he would not swearto hold the knights and church s persons in power. 123Ture managed to persuade some of his peers, many of whom hadcomplaints of their own.In the years leading up to the riksdag ofVästerås, Gustaf Vasa had increased the lands under his control; hehad displaced noble fief holders and confiscated the bishops personalfiefs; he had resumed grants he himself had made, and taken an unprej-udiced view of noble holdings in general.124 All of this, says Ham-marström, affected aristocratic opinion negatively.After Västerås, theking was somewhat more open-handed in granting fiefs to his alliesin the upper nobility.The shift came too late, though, to changeminds in Västgötaland.Nils Vinge, the king s supporter in the warwith Christian II, had lost his fief in Dal.Måns Bryntesson Lilliehööklost his command at Älvsborg; he foolishly allowed his name to beput forward as a candidate for the throne.Others followed, Bielkes,Posses, Bondes, and others.They feared further crown encroachment;the fiefs in Västgötaland, says Svalenius, were many and large.125The rising was worse than any that have come before. The kingadmitted that he hardly knew whether he could count on any ofhis subjects.He responded with kind words, soothing letters, andgenerous promises. If good words could help, he wrote, We havegiven them out lavishly enough. He freed the townsfolk of Kalmarfrom prohibitions against the purchase of land.He allowed countryfolk to buy fresh produce they could not get at town markets.No oneshould doubt his determination to defend the faith.If Dalarna neededtax relief, they should have it.Bergsmän need not fret about their debt;he would write off half, and if they proved true, he would not askfor a single cent [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.To lay out the limits of reform, a church council met inÖrebro in February 1529.Forty clerics under the guidance of Lau-rentius Andreæ cautiously avoided provocative decisions on sensitiveissues.They did not prohibit either Catholic or Evangelical ritual.They prescribed the reading of scripture, urged diligence in preach-ing, and explained the true meaning of some ceremonies.Other thana reference to church law in the matter of prohibited degrees and thecurtailment of saints days, the council report was anodyne.This wasas far as a committee could be persuaded to venture.120No one was satisfied.Some of the brothers from Vadstena hadgone to the meeting believing they were being mustered contralutheranos. They returned to Vadstena agitated and confused.Rad-icals in Stockholm were equally unhappy.The council in Örebro had stepped away from the gospel and gone back to the old ways, with idols, consecrated water, and the rest. Tileman, a preacher in Stock-holm, organized revival meetings in Södermalm and raised a storm.Master Oluf calmed the crowd; arrests and prohibitions followed.121This time the troubles began in Småland.In April 1529, word reachedStockholm that the bailiff and some of his men at Nydala Cloisterhad been murdered, that the king s sister, Margareta, and the royalsecretary, Wulf Gyler, had been detained on their return from abroad,and that the way over Tiveden to the northern provinces was blocked.The town master of Jönköping called upon the men of Småland torise, and contacted Öst- and Västgötaland.In rapid succession TureJönsson and the bishop of Skara joined the rising, followed by someof the great names among the nobility of the southern provinces.122The king had suspected Lord Ture and southern prelates of com-plicity in the earlier troubles in Dalarna.His suspicions were nowconfirmed, and he had no trouble identifying Lord Ture and thebishop of Skara as ringleaders.Bishop Magnus had been Hans Brask schief ally; he was no friend of church reform.Lord Ture disapproved120SRA I, 117 22; Kidd 1911, 236 39.121Holmquist 1933, 141, 194.122Kjöllerström 1963, 1 93. Reform by Decree 261of the regime s treatment of the church; he had, moreover, come outsecond best in a dispute over lands with his young kinsman.Turehad come round to Bishop Brask s view, that the struggle with thechurch involved not only church freedoms, but noble privileges.Hecomplained that when the king was crowned, he would not swearto hold the knights and church s persons in power. 123Ture managed to persuade some of his peers, many of whom hadcomplaints of their own.In the years leading up to the riksdag ofVästerås, Gustaf Vasa had increased the lands under his control; hehad displaced noble fief holders and confiscated the bishops personalfiefs; he had resumed grants he himself had made, and taken an unprej-udiced view of noble holdings in general.124 All of this, says Ham-marström, affected aristocratic opinion negatively.After Västerås, theking was somewhat more open-handed in granting fiefs to his alliesin the upper nobility.The shift came too late, though, to changeminds in Västgötaland.Nils Vinge, the king s supporter in the warwith Christian II, had lost his fief in Dal.Måns Bryntesson Lilliehööklost his command at Älvsborg; he foolishly allowed his name to beput forward as a candidate for the throne.Others followed, Bielkes,Posses, Bondes, and others.They feared further crown encroachment;the fiefs in Västgötaland, says Svalenius, were many and large.125The rising was worse than any that have come before. The kingadmitted that he hardly knew whether he could count on any ofhis subjects.He responded with kind words, soothing letters, andgenerous promises. If good words could help, he wrote, We havegiven them out lavishly enough. He freed the townsfolk of Kalmarfrom prohibitions against the purchase of land.He allowed countryfolk to buy fresh produce they could not get at town markets.No oneshould doubt his determination to defend the faith.If Dalarna neededtax relief, they should have it.Bergsmän need not fret about their debt;he would write off half, and if they proved true, he would not askfor a single cent [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]