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.Additionalpsychotic episodes are therefore not failures, relapses or signs of ongoing pathology,but are simply further ordeals and trials that the hero still needs to face.Instead ofreacting with disappointment or further medical interventions, the focus remains onacceptance, exploration and further learning and adjustment.Further Initiationsshould result in further Returns , ultimately resulting in further personal develop-ment and growth.The Hero s Journey is ultimately a life-long process, and knowingwe are heroes gives us permission to accept our inner trials ordeals and draw on themas sources of courage and inner strength.The Three Stages as MapBeing lost at the mercy of the powerful forces of the human mind is a terribleexperience; but learning that this is a recognised process, which many others havesuccessfully been through, offers reassurance and hope.The three stages offer a broad map similar to stage models of grief, e.g.Bowlby (1980: p.85), thus the Hero sJourney can be seen as a developmental process with stages that are descriptive andlegitimising.The emphasis in the Return stage is on telling our story, and setting itinto a personal narrative or myth.Use of the three stage map helps provide structureand reference points, finding where one is at and where one has been.With itsbroader focus on bringing something back for the benefit of society, the Return stage Mapping Our Madness: The Hero s Journey as A Therapeutic Approach 237has a focus beyond the individual, thereby discouraging getting stuck, and facili-tating progress and moving on.With its basis in mythology, the Hero s Journey offers the means to addressspiritual experiences in a non-religious way, and wisdom from the various traditionscan be valued and explored.For example, Jesus temptation in the desert can be seenin universal terms as one of the trials of the Initiation stage, rather than an explicitlyChristian motif.Various similar examples can be found in Grof s discussion ofspiritual emergency (Grof and Grof, 1990).Thus, the Hero s Journey has relevanceto people of any spiritual persuasion or none, making it ideally suited to clinical ormulticultural settings.Using the Hero s Journey in GroupsThe value of exploring inner experiences in supportive group settings is wellestablished by the mental health support group Hearing Voices Network, and theHero s Journey provides an ideal framework for a focused group approach.In myworkshops, I start by outlining the Hero s journey concept as described earlier.ThenI tell my story , explaining how it fits into the stages, and we have a discussion whereparticipants consider how to apply their own experiences.In one session, a lady toldof how she had felt that Satan was in her bathroom at night, but knowing howridiculous this sounded she did not dare tell anyone, least of all any mental healthprofessionals.Through learning about the Initiation stage in the Hero s Journey,she could now see this experience differently, as a trial or ordeal she had overcome,and for the first time she was able to talk about it.Sometimes there have been strongemotional reactions, when people see a very different perspective for the first timeand realise that they are not alone.There can also be striking similarities, and the factthat these occur I believe demonstrates the validity of Jung s collective unconscious.I have only ever conducted the Hero s Journey in one off sessions but believe ithas enormous potential for continued exploration, i.e.to allow people time toproperly digest the ideas and to reframe their experiences.Ongoing discussionscould perhaps explore some of the difficulties and pitfalls, such as self-identificationwith divine powers, i.e.feeling one is Jesus, etc.In the context of the Hero s Journeysuch experiences are legitimate hazards and pitfalls rather than embarrassingdelusions, so people may feel able to discuss them more freely.Further discussionscould perhaps focus on failure or unwillingness to return to everyday normality, onwhy the Hero s Return is so difficult, and what trophies or prizes one can realisticallyhope to bring back.Participants could consider how to recognise the Separationstage, why it occurs and how to manage it, and how to cope with the turbulence ofthe Initiation.The aim of this chapter is for other people to run workshops on similar lines.Facilitators could use their own stories, or this one as an example, but ultimately theaim should be for more people to learn about the hero s Journey concept, and to gainthe benefits of telling their stories and formulating their own personal myths. 238 Psychosis and SpiritualityUsing the Hero s journey in TherapyPsychosis may seem totally alien, impenetrable or even alarming to a therapist.Clients may not feel safe discussing their inner experiences, and therapists may feeluncomfortable hearing them.Furthermore, standard approaches may perhaps encourage clients to find ameaning purely in terms of their personal biography.However, the ordeals andtrials of the hero extend far beyond the individual or personal level.From the archaicor mythic level, they have a trans-personal dimension, i.e.across space and time.My experiences seemed to be about much more than just me.I felt they were aboutreconciliation and atonement for my mother s experiences, and releasing mydaughter and future generations from dubious genetic theories of madness.Tra-ditional therapies may not adequately embrace this perspective.Lukoff suggests that appreciation of the relationship between psychosis andmyths may help therapists working with psychotic or post-psychotic individuals.Through the use of case studies such as this one, and Lukoff and Everest (1985), theHero s Journey offers insight into psychotic experiences and a framework in whichto address them.ConclusionThe Hero s Journey is a developmental approach facilitating recovery, personalgrowth and transformation.It is also a flexible therapeutic tool, suitable for eitherindividuals or groups.It is easily learnt, with contemporary everyday relevance inliterature and film.Crossing the secular religious divide, it brings Jungian ideasright into the twenty-first century [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.Additionalpsychotic episodes are therefore not failures, relapses or signs of ongoing pathology,but are simply further ordeals and trials that the hero still needs to face.Instead ofreacting with disappointment or further medical interventions, the focus remains onacceptance, exploration and further learning and adjustment.Further Initiationsshould result in further Returns , ultimately resulting in further personal develop-ment and growth.The Hero s Journey is ultimately a life-long process, and knowingwe are heroes gives us permission to accept our inner trials ordeals and draw on themas sources of courage and inner strength.The Three Stages as MapBeing lost at the mercy of the powerful forces of the human mind is a terribleexperience; but learning that this is a recognised process, which many others havesuccessfully been through, offers reassurance and hope.The three stages offer a broad map similar to stage models of grief, e.g.Bowlby (1980: p.85), thus the Hero sJourney can be seen as a developmental process with stages that are descriptive andlegitimising.The emphasis in the Return stage is on telling our story, and setting itinto a personal narrative or myth.Use of the three stage map helps provide structureand reference points, finding where one is at and where one has been.With itsbroader focus on bringing something back for the benefit of society, the Return stage Mapping Our Madness: The Hero s Journey as A Therapeutic Approach 237has a focus beyond the individual, thereby discouraging getting stuck, and facili-tating progress and moving on.With its basis in mythology, the Hero s Journey offers the means to addressspiritual experiences in a non-religious way, and wisdom from the various traditionscan be valued and explored.For example, Jesus temptation in the desert can be seenin universal terms as one of the trials of the Initiation stage, rather than an explicitlyChristian motif.Various similar examples can be found in Grof s discussion ofspiritual emergency (Grof and Grof, 1990).Thus, the Hero s Journey has relevanceto people of any spiritual persuasion or none, making it ideally suited to clinical ormulticultural settings.Using the Hero s Journey in GroupsThe value of exploring inner experiences in supportive group settings is wellestablished by the mental health support group Hearing Voices Network, and theHero s Journey provides an ideal framework for a focused group approach.In myworkshops, I start by outlining the Hero s journey concept as described earlier.ThenI tell my story , explaining how it fits into the stages, and we have a discussion whereparticipants consider how to apply their own experiences.In one session, a lady toldof how she had felt that Satan was in her bathroom at night, but knowing howridiculous this sounded she did not dare tell anyone, least of all any mental healthprofessionals.Through learning about the Initiation stage in the Hero s Journey,she could now see this experience differently, as a trial or ordeal she had overcome,and for the first time she was able to talk about it.Sometimes there have been strongemotional reactions, when people see a very different perspective for the first timeand realise that they are not alone.There can also be striking similarities, and the factthat these occur I believe demonstrates the validity of Jung s collective unconscious.I have only ever conducted the Hero s Journey in one off sessions but believe ithas enormous potential for continued exploration, i.e.to allow people time toproperly digest the ideas and to reframe their experiences.Ongoing discussionscould perhaps explore some of the difficulties and pitfalls, such as self-identificationwith divine powers, i.e.feeling one is Jesus, etc.In the context of the Hero s Journeysuch experiences are legitimate hazards and pitfalls rather than embarrassingdelusions, so people may feel able to discuss them more freely.Further discussionscould perhaps focus on failure or unwillingness to return to everyday normality, onwhy the Hero s Return is so difficult, and what trophies or prizes one can realisticallyhope to bring back.Participants could consider how to recognise the Separationstage, why it occurs and how to manage it, and how to cope with the turbulence ofthe Initiation.The aim of this chapter is for other people to run workshops on similar lines.Facilitators could use their own stories, or this one as an example, but ultimately theaim should be for more people to learn about the hero s Journey concept, and to gainthe benefits of telling their stories and formulating their own personal myths. 238 Psychosis and SpiritualityUsing the Hero s journey in TherapyPsychosis may seem totally alien, impenetrable or even alarming to a therapist.Clients may not feel safe discussing their inner experiences, and therapists may feeluncomfortable hearing them.Furthermore, standard approaches may perhaps encourage clients to find ameaning purely in terms of their personal biography.However, the ordeals andtrials of the hero extend far beyond the individual or personal level.From the archaicor mythic level, they have a trans-personal dimension, i.e.across space and time.My experiences seemed to be about much more than just me.I felt they were aboutreconciliation and atonement for my mother s experiences, and releasing mydaughter and future generations from dubious genetic theories of madness.Tra-ditional therapies may not adequately embrace this perspective.Lukoff suggests that appreciation of the relationship between psychosis andmyths may help therapists working with psychotic or post-psychotic individuals.Through the use of case studies such as this one, and Lukoff and Everest (1985), theHero s Journey offers insight into psychotic experiences and a framework in whichto address them.ConclusionThe Hero s Journey is a developmental approach facilitating recovery, personalgrowth and transformation.It is also a flexible therapeutic tool, suitable for eitherindividuals or groups.It is easily learnt, with contemporary everyday relevance inliterature and film.Crossing the secular religious divide, it brings Jungian ideasright into the twenty-first century [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]